Appendix B

Committee Member and Staff Biographies

Kent Kester, M.D. (Chair), is currently the executive director of vaccine research and development at the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI). During a 24-year career in the U.S. Army, he worked extensively in clinical vaccine development and led multiple research platforms at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, the Department of Defense’s largest and most diverse biomedical research laboratory, with a major emphasis on emerging infectious diseases; he later led that institution as its commander. His final military assignment was as the associate dean for clinical research in the School of Medicine at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS). During his military service, Dr. Kester was appointed as the lead policy advisor to the U.S. Army Surgeon General in both infectious diseases and in medical research and development. More recently, he served as the head of translational medicine and biomarkers at Sanofi Pasteur. Dr. Kester holds an undergraduate degree from Bucknell University and an M.D. from Jefferson Medical College. Currently a member of the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Service Merit Review Board, the National Academy Standing Committee on Emerging Infectious Diseases and 21st Century Health Threats, and the CEPI scientific advisory committee, he previously chaired the steering committee of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/USUHS Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, and he has served as a member of the Presidential Advisory Council on Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, the Food and Drug Administration’s Vaccines and Related Biologics Products Advisory Committee, the NIAID advisory council, and board of scientific counselors for the Office

of Infectious Diseases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. He is the vice chair of the National Academy of Medicine Forum on Microbial Threats. Board-certified in both internal medicine and infectious diseases, Dr. Kester holds faculty appointments at USUHS and the University of Maryland. He is a fellow of the American College of Physicians, the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, the Infectious Disease Society of America, and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. He is a member of the clinical faculty at the University of Maryland Shock Trauma Center in Baltimore and the Wilkes-Barre Veterans’ Administration Medical Center in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.

John A. Branda, M.D., is an associate professor of pathology at Harvard Medical School and an associate pathologist at Massachusetts General Hospital. He specializes in medical microbiology and has broad expertise in infectious disease diagnostic testing methods. His primary academic focus has been the development of improved diagnostic tests for Lyme disease and other tick-borne infections. He was co-recipient of the 2015 Bay Area Lyme Foundation Emerging Leader Award and a 2022 Phase 1 LymeX Diagnostics Prize through the Lyme Innovation Accelerator (administered independently in a public-private partnership between the Department of Health and Human Services and the Steven & Alexandra Cohen Foundation). Prior to 2020, he received research funding support from Lyme Disease Biobank Foundation, the Fairbairn Family Lyme Research Initiative at Harvard Medical School, and diagnostic companies for the detection of acute Lyme disease. Dr. Branda is currently a principal investigator for the Pfizer-Valneva vaccine trial for Lyme disease. He received his medical degree in 2000 from Harvard Medical School, after which he completed a clinical pathology residency and a medical microbiology fellowship at Massachusetts General Hospital. Dr. Branda is co-inventor on a patent pending for a serologic diagnostic assay to detect Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. He previously served on the scientific advisory boards of DiaSorin (2019), Roche Diagnostics (2019), FlightPath Biosciences (2023), and Tarsus Pharmaceuticals (2023) and received compensation for these services. He is also a coauthor on the 2020 IDSA/AAN/ACR Lyme disease treatment and diagnosis guidelines and was a member of the Federal Tick-borne Disease Working Group.

Betty A. Diamond, M.D., is the director of the Institute of Molecular Medicine in the Feinberg Institute for Medical Research at Northwell Health. Her research has focused on the induction and pathogenicity of autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), especially in the brain. Most recently, she has become interested in the anti-inflammatory effects of the immune protein C1q. In recent years, she has also become involved in

clinical trials in SLE and has led several clinical trials of novel therapeutics. Dr. Diamond currently receives compensation as a consultant for biotech companies that are developing CAR-T cell therapies, including iCell Gene Therapeutics, Atara Biotherapeutics, Adicet Bio, and Sail Biomedicines. She also serves as an editor for eLife and Frontiers journals. Dr. Diamond is a member of both the National Academy of Medicine and the National Academy of Sciences and previously served on National Academies committees Examining the Working Definition for Long COVID and Diagnostic Criteria for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. She is a past president of the American Association of Immunologists and has received the Distinguished Investigator award and the Presidential Gold Medal from the American College of Rheumatology. She received her M.D. from Harvard Medical School, performed a residency in internal medicine at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, and then trained in immunology at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine

Jesse L. Goodman, M.D., M.P.H., is a professor of medicine at Georgetown University and the director of the Center on Medical Product Access, Safety and Stewardship, which focuses on science and policy to address public health needs. He is an attending physician in infectious diseases at Georgetown University, Washington D.C., Veterans Administration, and Walter Reed medical centers. He was previously the chief scientist of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), serving in the government’s senior leadership for the 2009 influenza pandemic and other public health responses. Prior to that, he served as a senior advisor to the FDA Commissioner where he co-chaired the U.S. Task Force to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance before going on to direct FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. Previously he was a professor of medicine and the chief of infectious diseases at the University of Minnesota, where his laboratory isolated Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the cause of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and studied Lyme disease, including dissemination of the organism in early disease and persistent infection as the primary cause of arthritis. Dr. Goodman currently serves as a member of the board of directors and recently completed his term as chair of the science committee at GlaxoSmithKline, for which he receives compensation. He also currently serves as a scientific advisory board member at Intellia and Adaptive Phage Therapeutics, both with compensation. He received his M.D. from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and his M.P.H. from the University of Minnesota. He has served on advisory committees at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Defense, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, and the World Health Organization and as past president and board member of the United States

Pharmacopeia. He is a member of the National Academy of Medicine and was previously a member of the Forum on Microbial Threats.

Miguel A. Hernán, M.D., Dr.P.H., M.P.H., is the Kolokotrones Professor of Biostatistics and Epidemiology and the director of CAUSALab at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. He uses health data and causal inference methods to learn what works. Dr. Hernán and his collaborators repurpose real-world data into evidence for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and mental illness. This work has contributed to the shaping of health policy and research methodology worldwide. Dr. Hernán has received several awards, including the Rousseeuw Prize for Statistics, the Rothman Epidemiology Prize, and a MERIT award from the U.S. National Institutes of Health. He has also received research funding from the National Institutes of Health, the Veteran Administration, Patient-Centered Outcome Research Institute, and the Department of Defense. He is fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Statistical Association and the associate editor of Annals of Internal Medicine. He has served on multiple committees of the National Academies. Dr. Hernán received an M.D. from the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and an M.P.H., Dr.P.H., and M.S. from Harvard University.

Adrian F. Hernandez, M.D., M.H.S., is the vice dean of the Duke School of Medicine and the executive director of the Duke Clinical Research Institute (DCRI). He is a cardiologist who aims to improve health by accelerating clinical evidence through outcomes research, clinical trials, comparative effectiveness, and health policy. He has led multiple large-scale patient-centered research programs, registries, and clinical trials across multiple health conditions, including the Health System Collaboratory of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and PCORnet, funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, and he is involved in the NIH Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery initiative. He has served as the steering committee chair or principal investigator on multiple studies and has authored over 800 publications. Dr. Hernandez received his medical degree from the University of Texas–Southwestern at Dallas and completed his residency in internal medicine at the University of California San Francisco School of Medicine before completing a fellowship in cardiology at Duke University. He is an elected member of the American Society for Clinical Investigation and the Association of American Physicians and serves on the board of directors of the Reagan-Udall Foundation. Dr. Hernandez frequently consults with and receives research support from pharmaceutical companies, none of which have active portfolios in the treatment or diagnosis of Lyme disease.

Brandon L. Jutras, Ph.D., is an associate professor in the Microbiology–Immunology Department at the Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University. His laboratory is focused on understanding the basic biology of Borrelia burgdorferi with emphasis on using the bacterial cell wall to understand everything from the cell cycle to developing novel Lyme disease treatments and diagnostics. Dr. Jutras’s laboratory currently receives grants from the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Defense, Global Lyme Alliance, the Bay Area Lyme Foundation, and the LymeX Diagnostics Innovation Prize. His laboratory previously received funding from the Steven & Alexandra Cohen Foundation, which concluded in 2023. Dr. Jutras earned his Ph.D. at the University of Kentucky, where he studied molecular mechanisms of gene regulation in B. burgdorferi prior to being a Howard Hughes postdoctoral fellow in the field of Lyme disease bacterial cell biology. He has more than 18 years of Lyme disease research experience and has published dozens of peer-reviewed publications in the field.

Nicole Malachowski, COL, USAF (ret.), is the Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Nicole Malachowski & Associates, LLC. A 2019 National Women’s Hall of Fame inductee and recent Presidential appointee, Col. Malachowski has more than 21 years of experience as an officer, leader, and fighter pilot in the United States Air Force. Upon her commission into the military, she was competitively selected to fly combat aircraft and embarked on an adventure among the first group of women to fly modern fighter jets. Col. Malachowski served as a mission-ready fighter pilot in three operational F-15E squadrons and accumulated over 2,300 flight hours, including 188 hours in combat. She has had the honor of commanding a fighter squadron, flying as a USAF Thunderbird pilot, and serving as a White House Fellow and as an advisor to the First Lady of the United States. Col. Malachowski has forged a successful path through immense cultural changes in the military as well as significant adversity in her personal life. Following her medical retirement from the Air Force due to the severe impacts of late-stage tick-borne illness, she reinvented herself as a highly successful entrepreneur, professional speaker, and leadership consultant. Col. Malachowski is a sought-after keynote speaker and shares her experience with Lyme disease to inspire resilience and reinvention with many companies, such as Endo Pharmaceuticals. She served on the Tick-Borne Diseases Panel for the Department of Defense Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program and as a subcommittee member of the Federal Tick-Borne Diseases Working Group. She continues to hold volunteer positions as an ambassador with the Bay Area Lyme Foundation, patient advocate speaker with the Center for Lyme Action, and as a mentor and ambassador in the Wounded Warriors program. Col. Malachowski currently serves on the advisory board of Invisible International and as a

board member of the LivLyme Foundation. She has previously volunteered as an advisory board member at the Dean Center for Tick Borne Illness,. Col. Malachowski has been honored with the IMPACT Award by the White House Fellow Foundation. She finds immense meaning in traveling and advocating for those affected by tick-borne illnesses.

Cherie Marvel, Ph.D., is a cognitive neuroscientist and an associate professor of neurology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. She uses brain imaging methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine brain function in healthy and clinical populations. Her research in Lyme disease applies MRI methods to characterize brain changes in people with acute Lyme and post-treatment Lyme disease and relate these changes to cognition, mood, and clinical outcomes. Dr. Marvel served as the president of the International Society of Behavioural Neuroscience from 2021 to 2025 and served as the chair of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) study section NIH Fellowships: Learning and Memory, Language, Communication, and Related Neurosciences (F01B) from 2022 to 2023. She is funded by the NIH, the Department of Defense, and private foundations for her research in Lyme disease. Dr. Marvel obtained her Ph.D. in neuroscience from Georgetown University. She completed a fellowship in clinical neuroscience at the University of Iowa and then completed a second fellowship in Cognitive Neuroscience at Johns Hopkins University.

Debjani Mukherjee, Ph.D., M.A., is an associate professor of medical ethics in clinical medicine and clinical rehabilitation medicine at Weill Cornell Medical College and senior clinical ethicist at New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center. Dr. Mukherjee is a clinical/community psychologist and clinical ethicist with expertise in disability and rehabilitation ethics. She was invited to help start the first Center for Clinical Ethics in Paris, France, and was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship to India to study long-term adjustment to brain injury. In 2023 she was elected a Hastings Center Fellow. Her scholarly interests are in the ethical dilemmas posed by neurological impairments, the emotional impact of medical decisions, the practice of clinical ethics consultation, and ethical concerns in rehabilitation medicine. Dr. Mukherjee received her bachelor’s degree in psychology from Cornell University and her M.A. and Ph.D. in clinical/community psychology from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. She then completed two years of postdoctoral fellowship at the Maclean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics at the University of Chicago. Before joining the faculty of Weill Cornell Medical College in 2020, she was the director of the Donnelley Ethics Program at the Shirley Ryan AbilityLab and faculty at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.

Lise E. Nigrovic, M.D., M.P.H., is a professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School and practices as a pediatric emergency physician at Boston Children’s Hospital. She serves as the Boston Children’s Hospital principal investigator for the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences–supported Harvard Catalyst program. Dr. Nigrovic is the founding chair of the Pedi Lyme Net research network, the only multicenter pediatric Lyme disease clinical research network, with more than 5,000 adults and children undergoing evaluation for Lyme disease enrolled to collect clinical phenotype and matched biosamples. With support from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, she is leading a 21-center study to compare short- and long-term outcomes for children with Lyme meningitis by antibiotic treatment regimen. Dr. Nigrovic previously served as a consultant with Adaptive Biotechnologies and as an advisory board member with Tarsus Pharmaceutical and received compensation for these services in assisting with the development of diagnostic tests, preventatives, and prophylaxis. She currently serves on the clinical research advisory committee at Global Lyme Alliance. Her current research support includes funding from the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Defense, and Global Lyme Alliance. Dr. Nigrovic has also received funding in the past from the Global Lyme Alliance, the Bay Area Lyme Foundation, the Milton Foundation, and the Fairbairn Family Lyme Research Initiative at Harvard Medical School. Of her more than 200 peer-reviewed publications, 50 are related to Lyme disease and other tick-borne infections in children. Dr. Nigrovic received her M.D. from Harvard Medical School and her M.P.H from the Harvard School of Public Health. In recognition of her expertise, Dr. Nigrovic was selected as an inaugural member of the Federal Tick-Borne Illness Working Group as well as a working group member of IDSA/AAN/ACR Lyme disease clinical guideline panel.

Simone A. Seward, Dr.P.H., M.P.H., is currently an assistant professor in public health and preventive medicine at SUNY Upstate Medical University in Syracuse, New York. As an educator, community health advocate, and mixed methods researcher, Dr. Seward has developed strategic approaches that center on social justice and racial equity. Using community engagement as a vehicle for systemic change, Dr. Seward builds interdisciplinary, collaborative partnerships that are sensitive to diverse perspectives and population needs. With over 15 years of extensive training and diverse practice-based experiences at the federal, state, and local levels and in academia, Dr. Seward ensures that community health interventions and programs include the voices and lived experiences of the target community. As a dedicated researcher and advocate specializing in maternal and child health disparities, Dr. Seward has devoted her career to understanding and addressing the unique challenges facing Black mothers and infants. Her

research and scholarly area of interest focuses on examining the root causes of racial disparities in maternal and infant health outcomes, including the impact of systemic racism as a contributing factor to healthcare disparities. Dr. Seward obtained a master of public health degree from Boston University School of Public Health, followed by a doctor of public health degree from the University at Albany School of Public Health. Dr. Seward has received numerous awards for her work and leadership, including the Faculty Gold Standard Award, Upstate President Award for Community Service Team, and Faculty and Staff Association for Diversity Award. In addition, Dr. Seward is a scholar of the Public Health Leadership Institute of Florida, the SUNY SAIL Leadership Institute, and a former Presidential Health Disparities Fellow of the Center for the Elimination of Minority Health Disparities at the University at Albany. Dr. Seward also has several professional affiliations where she donates her time. She currently serves as vice chair of the board of directors for the Central New York Lyme and Tickborne Disease Alliance and is a member of the Blueprint 15 board of directors, the Onondaga County Health Advisory Council whose responsibilities include Lyme disease reporting as well as a member of the community action network for the Syracuse Healthy Start initiative. She was also previously a public health fellow for Onondaga County focusing on maternal and child health.

Robert P. Smith, M.D., M.P.H., is an infectious disease physician who currently directs research studies into the ecology, epidemiology, and clinical recognition of tick-borne diseases at the MaineHealth Institute for Research. His team at the Vector-Borne Disease Laboratory there includes scientists with training in medical entomology, biostatistics/mathematical modeling, vector ecology, and clinical research. Current projects include tick-borne disease surveillance/epidemiology, strategies for vector control, phylogenetics and ecology of Powassan virus, and novel diagnostic approaches for early Lyme disease. He is a member of the Division of Infectious Diseases at Maine Medical Center and served as the director of the Division of Infectious Diseases there from 2014 to 2022. Dr. Smith has been a regional leader in professional and public outreach regarding the recognition and treatment of tick-borne diseases and often gives talks and publishes on Lyme disease. He also served from its inception in 1992 until 2022 as the director of an interdisciplinary specialty clinic at Maine Medical Center focused on the care of persons with HIV and other viral infections. Dr. Smith has received research support from the National Institutes of Health, including two Small Business Innovation Research awards, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevent and from the State of Maine Department of Health and Human Services related to Lyme disease research. Dr. Smith also served as co-investigator as part of the Pfizer–Valneva vaccine trial research site at

MaineHealth. Dr. Smith received his medical degree from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and is a professor of medicine at Tufts University School of Medicine. He has widely published on served on numerous federal panels and work groups related to tick-borne diseases, the Federal Tick-Borne Disease Working Group (2018), and was an invited reviewer of the (then) Institute of Medicine 2011 report Critical Needs and Gaps in Understanding, Amelioration and Prevention of Lyme disease and Other Tick-borne Infections. He is a fellow of the American College of Physicians and of the Infectious Disease Society of America.

Qing-Mei Wang, M.D., Ph.D., is a physician–scientist and physiatrist at Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, the teaching affiliate of Harvard Medical School. She is an assistant professor in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Harvard Medical School. She is also the director of the Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory and conducts translational research in neuro-rehabilitation. She has been providing rehabilitation care to patients with post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS) since 2020. This devastating disease and the lack of effective treatment led her to conduct clinical studies using non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation technology. The results from her study suggest that transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation may improve neurocognitive impairment in PTLDS. This study may provide a novel approach to treat PTLDS. She is the recipient of the Rehabilitation Medicine Scientist Training Program (K12) and NIH K08 awards. Dr. Wang obtained her Ph.D. and M.D. at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey and completed residency training in physical medicine and rehabilitation at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York. She is a member of the American Association of Physiatrists.

Susan J. Wong, Ph.D., M.Sc., was the director of diagnostic immunology at the Wadsworth Center (New York State Department of Health, NYSDOH) for 26 years before retiring in 2020. While at the Wadsworth Center, Dr. Wong set up the first tests for Anaplama phagocytophilum and Babesia microti serology for New York State. She has evaluated microsphere immunoassays using recombinant proteins of Borrelia, Babesia, and Anaplasma for multiplex serology of tickborne infections; established microsphere immunoassays to detect Powassan virus, deer tick virus, and tick-borne encephalitis virus; and applied microsphere immunoassays to differentiate flavivirus infections (West Nile, St. Louis encephalitis, Zika, and dengue). Dr. Wong earned a bachelor of science in molecular biology from the University of Wisconsin and then went on to receive a master of science in biochemistry from the University of New Hampshire and a Ph.D. in biochemistry from the University of Saskatchewan. Dr. Wong has been honored with the Wadsworth Center Recognition Award in 1999, the NYSDOH

Commissioner’s Recognition Award for response to the West Nile Virus and SARS, and the Thomas Nakano Commendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS), and a nominee for the Charles Shepard Science Award from the CDC and USPHS. Dr. Wong also has experience working globally, serving as a consultant to the Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute in Addis Ababa through the Association of Public Health Laboratories, and she worked as a consultant to the Iraq Science Engagement Program in Baghdad, Iraq, with the Civilian Research and Development Foundation.

STAFF

Julie Liao, Ph.D. (Study Co-Director), is a senior program officer with the Board on Global Health of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, where she directs the Forum on Microbial Threats. In 2023 the Forum on Microbial Threats co-convened a public workshop, Toward a Common Research Agenda for Infection-Associated Chronic Illnesses, which highlighted current research progress and opportunities for coordination between these chronic conditions including myalgic encephalomyelitis (chronic fatigue syndrome), Long COVID, and Lyme disease. Before joining the National Academies in 2020, she was involved in pre-clinical vaccine development research in the biotechnology industry. She received a Ph.D. in molecular science and microbiology from Binghamton University and completed postdoctoral training at Boston Children’s Hospital.

Andrew March, M.P.H. (Study Co-Director), is a program officer with the Board on Health Sciences Policy of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Most recently, he served as the co-director for the consensus study, Developing a Framework to Address Legal, Ethical, Regulatory, and Policy Issues for Research Specific to Pregnant and Lactating Persons. He has contributed to consensus studies on diverse topics in health policy, including medical product supply chains, dementia care interventions, and the safety and effectiveness of compounded drug preparations. Before joining the National Academies in 2018, he conducted research on the intersection of maternal and occupational health at the Center for Research in Occupational Health in Barcelona, and he worked in the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health at the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Mr. March obtained his M.P.H. at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra and his B.S. degree in biology and Spanish from Roanoke College.

Emily McDowell, M.P.H., is a research associate with the Board on Health Sciences Policy of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and

Medicine. Most recently, she assisted with a consensus study, Advancing Clinical Research in Pregnant and Lactating Populations Overcoming Real and Perceived Liability Risks, and she has contributed to other projects at the National Academies relating to health equity and policy. She is a M.P.H. graduate from George Washington University concentrating her studies on epidemiology and environmental health. Before joining the National Academies, Ms. McDowell worked for a nonprofit emergency management organization, Healthcare Ready, and assisted with the reauthorization of the Pandemic and All-Hazards Advancing Innovation Act (PAHPAIA). Her studies at George Washington University concluded with the presentation of her thesis entitled “Microplastics and Human Health: An Inescapable Exposure.” Ms. McDowell received her B.S. in community health, concentrating in global health at George Mason University.

Julie Pavlin, M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H., is the director of the Board on Global Health at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, where she coordinates analyses of health developments beyond U.S. borders and areas of international health investment that promote global wellbeing, security, and economic development. Prior to this position, she was a research area director at the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program and the deputy director of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center. She is a retired Colonel in the U.S. Army with previous assignments including the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences in Bangkok, Thailand, the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, and the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases. She concentrated most of her time with the Department of Defense in the design of real-time disease surveillance systems and was a co-founder of the International Society for Disease Surveillance. Dr. Pavlin received her A.B. from Cornell University, M.D. from Loyola University, M.P.H. from Harvard University and Ph.D. in emerging infectious diseases at the Uniformed Services University.

Rayane Silva-Curran is a senior program assistant on the Board on Health Sciences Policy, with the Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Disasters and Emergencies. Before joining the National Academies, Ms. Silva-Curran worked as a COVID-19 contact tracer for the Fairfax County Health Department. She received her B.S., in community health with a concentration in global health from George Mason University. She also holds a B.S. in biology from the Universidade Estadual de Goias (Brazil).

Carolyn Shore, Ph.D., directs the Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation and serves as Global Health Lead for the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (National Academies). Before joining the National Academies, Carolyn was an officer on Pew’s

antibiotic resistance project, leading work on research and policies to spur the discovery and development of urgently needed antibacterial therapies. She previously served as a foreign affairs officer at the U.S. Department of State, where she led an initiative on open data and innovation-based solutions to global challenges. She also served as the State Department’s representative to intergovernmental organizations focusing on food safety, plant and animal health, biosecurity, and agricultural trade policy. Carolyn was an American Society for Microbiology congressional fellow, working on science-based policy related to antibiotic stewardship and other public health issues. She holds a doctoral degree in Microbiology and Molecular Genetics from Harvard University. As a graduate student, she studied antimalarial drug resistance in Senegal and worked jointly between the Medicines for Malaria Venture, Genzyme Corporation, and the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT to discover new anti-malarial compounds. Carolyn was awarded a Fulbright Fellowship for work at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, and a National Institutes of Health Training Grant for postdoctoral work at the University of Iowa.

Clare Stroud, Ph.D., is the senior board director for the Board on Health Sciences Policy at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. In this capacity she oversees a program of activities aimed at fostering the basic biomedical and clinical research enterprises; addressing the ethical, legal, and social contexts of scientific and technologic advances related to health; and strengthening the preparedness, resilience, and sustainability of communities. Previously, she served as director of the National Academies’ Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders, which brings together leaders from government, academia, industry, and nonprofit organizations to discuss key challenges and emerging issues in neuroscience research, the development of therapies for nervous system disorders, and related ethical and societal issues. She also led consensus studies and contributed to projects on such topics as pain management, medications for opioid use disorder, traumatic brain injury, preventing cognitive decline and dementia, supporting persons living with dementia and their caregivers, the health and well-being of young adults, and disaster preparedness and response. Dr. Stroud first joined the National Academies as a Mirzayan Science and Technology Policy Graduate Fellow. She has also been an associate at AmericaSpeaks, a nonprofit organization that engaged citizens in decision making on important public policy issues. Dr. Stroud received her Ph.D. from the University of Maryland, College Park, with research focused on the cognitive neuroscience of language, and her bachelor’s degree from Queen’s University in Canada.