APPENDIX A

Annotated Bibliography

A.1 Sources Identified by the Project Panel

Hauptmann, A. 2019. “Project 35 - Smart Parking at the Pittsburgh International Airport.” Carnegie Mellon University College of Engineering. April 10. Accessed March 10, 2024. https://ppms.cit.cmu.edu/projects/detail/35.

This article describes the development of a smart parking system at Pittsburgh International Airport, using surveillance cameras to identify the location of available parking spots. It also describes the use of a mobile phone application to provide turn-by-turn directions to the user.

Jacobs Consultancy. 2009. ACRP Report 24: Guidebook for Evaluating Airport Parking Strategies and Supporting Technologies. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.17226/14342.

This guidebook provides parking strategies and technologies employed by U.S. airports. Among the strategies discussed are web-based parking reservation systems. The study discusses the benefits and costs of the reservation systems and provides a recommended set of actions for airports seeking to evaluate and possibly implement a system.

Mandle, P., and N. Alandou. 2022. ACRP Synthesis 118: Airport Parking Pricing Strategies. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.17226/26671.

This synthesis examines airport parking rate-making strategies and documents the importance of parking revenues for U.S. airports. It links some of the strategies to the capabilities of the airport’s PARCS and the use of an OBS to offer customers reserved parking. Together, these may enable the airport to practice yield management by setting dynamic or variable rates.

A.2 Sources Identified by the Synthesis Report Team

Kováčiková, K., A. Novák, M. Kováčiková, and A. Novák Sedláčková. 2022. “Smart parking as a part of Smart airport concept.” Transportation Research Procedia 65: 70–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2022.11.009.

This article describes the smart parking concept at airports. Included are systems that monitor occupancy of parking spaces, navigation to facility and spaces, online reservations and payments, and allocation mechanisms.

Nordstrom, R. 2019. “Prepaid Parking Online Enhances Customer Experience, Boosts Revenues at Dallas Fort Worth Int’l.” Airport Improvement. https://airportimprovement.com/article/prepaid-parking-online-enhances-customer-experience-boosts-revenues-dallas-fort-worth-int-l.

This article describes the implementation of its online prepaid parking system, including its technology integration and implementation. It describes how the system enhances the customer experience and maximizes associated revenues.

Papayiannis, A., P.V. Johnson, and P.W. Duck. 2016. “A Comparative Analysis of Pickup Forecasting Methods for Customer Arrivals in Airport Carparks.” IMA Journal of Management Mathematics 30 (1): 15–24. https://doi.org/10.5220/0005631900150024.

This article links revenue management of airport car parks with the growing trend of parking reservations, providing parking managers with increased information about demand.

Petro, A. 2017. “Reserved airport parking: A creative parking product to enhance revenue and improve service.” Journal of Airport Management 11 (2): 129–135. https://doi.org/10.69554/GVUZ6005.

This article describes the reserved parking program at Denver International Airport. It documents the planning, implementation, and facility characteristics of the program. It also provides information on the booking systems, including web-based and telephonic reservations.

Shaw, K.V. 2021. “Hollywood Burbank Airport Recoups Valuable Parking Revenue with Pre-booking Engine.” Airport Improvement. Accessed April 27, 2024. https://airportimprovement.com/article/hollywood-burbank-airport-recoups-valuable-parking-revenue-pre-booking-engine.

This article describes the implementation and use of a reservation system with several parking lots and valet services at BUR.

Wang, S. 2024. “Determinants of Airport Parking Revenues in the United States: An Econometric Analysis.” Purdue University Graduate School. https://doi.org/10.25394/PGS.25563606.v1.

This thesis discusses how airport operators can implement management initiatives, including parking reservations and pricing strategies, to optimize airport parking revenues.

Wendt, R. 2019. Raleigh-Durham Int’l Makes Parking a Priority with New Online Reservation System. Accessed April 27, 2024. https://airportimprovement.com/article/raleigh-durham-int-l-makes-parking-priority-new-online-reservation-system.

This article describes the process Raleigh-Durham International Airport undertook to implement an online reservation system, including integrating its OBS with its existing PARCS. It also describes the relationships among the airport, equipment vendors, contractors, and consultants.

Zhang, X., K. Pitera, and Y. Wang. 2023. “Parking reservation techniques: A review of research topics, considerations, and optimization methods.” Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 10 (6): 1099–1117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2023.07.009.

This article provides a review of publications in four research areas relating to parking reservations, including inventory control, allocation decisions, pricing strategies, and performance evaluation.