Views of the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine on Agenda Items at Issue at the World Radiocommunication Conference 2027 (2025)
Chapter: Appendix D: International Telecommunication Union Reports and Regulations Cited in This Report
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Suggested Citation:
"Appendix D: International Telecommunication Union Reports and Regulations Cited in This Report." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Views of the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine on Agenda Items at Issue at the World Radiocommunication Conference 2027. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/28596.
D
International Telecommunication Union Reports and Regulations Cited in This Report
Recommendations and reports of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) cited in this report are listed below.
| ITU-R M.1036-7 | ITU. 2023. “Frequency Arrangements for Implementation of the Terrestrial Component of International Mobile Telecommunications in the Bands Identified for IMT in the Radio Regulations.” Recommendation ITU-R M.1036-7. https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-M.1036-7-202312-I. |
| ITU-R RA.1513-2 | ITU. 2015. “Levels of Data Loss to Radio Astronomy Observations and Percentage-of-Time Criteria Resulting from degradation by Interference for Frequency Bands Allocated to the Radio Astronomy Service on a Primary Basis.” Recommendation ITU-R RA.1513-2. https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-RA.1513-2-201503-I. |
| ITU-R RA.2259-1 | ITU. 2021. “Characteristics of Radio Quiet Zones.” Report ITU-R RA.2259-1. https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REP-RA.2259-1-2021. |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix D: International Telecommunication Union Reports and Regulations Cited in This Report." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Views of the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine on Agenda Items at Issue at the World Radiocommunication Conference 2027. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/28596.
| ITU-R RA.2508 | ITU. 2022. “Widely-Distributed Radio Astronomy Array Systems Operating Above 200 GHz.” Report ITU-R RA.2508. https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REP-RA.2508-2022. |
| ITU-R RA.2512 | ITU. 2022. “Technical and Operational Characteristics of Broadband, Background-Limited Detectors Operating in the Millimetre-Wave Regime.” Report ITU-R RA.2512. https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REP-RA.2512-2022. |
| ITU-R RA.314-11 | ITU. 2023. “Preferred Frequency Bands for Radio Astronomical Measurements Below 1 THz.” Recommendation ITU-R RA.314-11. https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-RA.314-11-202312-I. |
| ITU-R RA.479-5 | ITU. 2003. “Protection of Frequencies for Radioastronomical Measurements in the Shielded Zone of the Moon.” Recommendation ITU-R RA.479-5. https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-RA.479-5-200305-I. |
| ITU-R RA.769-2 | ITU. 2003. “Protection Criteria Used for Radio Astronomical Measurements.” Recommendation ITU-R RA.769-2. https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-RA.769-2-200305-I. |
| ITU-R RS.1166-5 | ITU. 2023. “Performance and Interference Criteria for Active Spaceborne Sensors.” Recommendation ITU-R RS.1166-5. https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-RS.1166-5-202312-I. |
| ITU-R RS.1861-1 | ITU. 2021. “Typical Technical and Operational Characteristics of Earth Exploration-Satellite Service (Passive) Systems Using Allocations Between 1.4 and 275 GHz.” Recommendation ITU-R RS.1861-1. https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-RS.1861-1-202112-I. |
| ITU-R RS.2017-0 | ITU. 2012. “Performance and Interference Criteria for Satellite Passive Remote Sensing.” Recommendation ITU-R RS.2017-0. https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-RS.2017-0-201208-I. |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix D: International Telecommunication Union Reports and Regulations Cited in This Report." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Views of the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine on Agenda Items at Issue at the World Radiocommunication Conference 2027. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/28596.
| ITU-R RS.2068-2 | ITU. 2021. “Current and Future Use of the Band 13.25-13.75 GHz by Spaceborne Active Sensors.” Report ITU-R RS.2068-2. https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REP-RS.2068-2-2021. |
| ITU-R RS.2456-1 | ITU. 2023. “Space Weather Sensor Systems Using Radio Spectrum.” Report ITU-R RS.2456-1. https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REP-RS.2456-1-2023. |
| ITU-R S.1586-1 | ITU. 2007. “Calculation of Unwanted Emission Levels Produced by a Non-Geostationary Fixed-Satellite Service System at Radio Astronomy Sites.” ITU-R S.1586-1. https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-S.1586-1-200701-I. |
| ITU-R SA.2312-0 | ITU. 2014. “Characteristics, Definitions and Spectrum Requirements of Nanosatellites and Picosatellites, as well as Systems Composed of Such Satellites.” Report ITU-R SA.2312-0. https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REP-SA.2312-2014. |
| ITU-R SM.2091-0 | ITU. 2007. “Studies Related to the Impact of Active Space Services Allocated in Adjacent or Nearby Bands on Radio Astronomy Service.” Report ITU-R SM.2091-0. https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REP-SM.2091-2007. |
| ITU-R SM.2129-1 | ITU. 2024. “Guidance on Frequency Ranges for the Operation of Non-Beam Wireless Power Transmission for Mobile and Portable Devices.” Recommendation ITU-R SM.2129-1. https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-SM.2129-1-202409-I. |
| ITU-R SM.2110-1 | ITU. 2019. “Guidance on Frequency Ranges for Operation of Non-Beam Wireless Power Transmission for Electric Vehicles.” Recommendation ITU-R SM.2110-1. https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-SM.2110-1-201910-I. |
| ITU-R SM.2151-0 | ITU. 2022. “Guidance on Frequency Ranges for Operation of Wireless Power Transmission via Radio Frequency Beam for Mobile/Portable Devices and Sensor Networks.” Report ITU-R SM.2151-0. https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-SM.2151-0-202209-I. |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix D: International Telecommunication Union Reports and Regulations Cited in This Report." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Views of the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine on Agenda Items at Issue at the World Radiocommunication Conference 2027. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/28596.
Radio Regulations (RRs) and resolutions of the World Radiocommunication Conferences (WRCs) can be found in the following documents:
| RR | ITU. 2024. “Radio Regulations.” Edition of 2024. http://handle.itu.int/11.1002/pub/8229633e-en. |
| WRC-19 | ITU. 2019. World Radiocommunication Conference 2019 (WRC-19) Final Acts. http://handle.itu.int/11.1002/pub/813b5921-en. |
| WRC-23 | ITU. 2023. World Radiocommunication Conference 2023 (WRC-23) Final Acts. http://handle.itu.int/11.1002/pub/8225d4fb-en. |
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix D: International Telecommunication Union Reports and Regulations Cited in This Report." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Views of the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine on Agenda Items at Issue at the World Radiocommunication Conference 2027. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/28596.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix D: International Telecommunication Union Reports and Regulations Cited in This Report." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Views of the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine on Agenda Items at Issue at the World Radiocommunication Conference 2027. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/28596.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix D: International Telecommunication Union Reports and Regulations Cited in This Report." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Views of the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine on Agenda Items at Issue at the World Radiocommunication Conference 2027. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/28596.
Suggested Citation:
"Appendix D: International Telecommunication Union Reports and Regulations Cited in This Report." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2025. Views of the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine on Agenda Items at Issue at the World Radiocommunication Conference 2027. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
doi: 10.17226/28596.
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