Tax policy is a structural determinant of population health, shaping the availability of public services and the allocation of resources across communities. The workshop examined how tax policy decisions at various levels influenced opportunities for health, with attention to the design and distributional effects of tax systems. Discussions considered how tax structures affected social spending, economic stability, and the capacity of communities to support health and well-being. Presenters shared a range of research, practice, and policy perspectives that helped participants explore implications for population health across diverse geographies and communities.