Increasing energy costs for American consumers are elevating the issue of energy affordability to the forefront of economic and policy debates. These consumers include individual residential/commercial customers as well as industrial facilities, data centers, and large institutions. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine will host a workshop to identify key factors contributing to rising energy costs, and discuss potential policy and technology solutions to energy affordability challenges. Workshop sessions will consider geographic and sectoral (e.g., electricity or heating, residential or industrial) factors that impact energy prices, as well as lessons that can be learned from historical and international experiences. The workshop will foster cross-disciplinary discussions and interaction amongst state and federal policymakers, utilities, researchers, consumer advocates, and the interested public. A poster session featuring early-career researchers will highlight cutting-edge scholarship on energy affordability challenges and solutions.